This article potentially could contribute to the field by adding the political variable as a significant component in analyzing policies and their implementation.Ĭampbell has defined “policy” as a system that has guidelines for making rational decisions ( 2002). Researchers have given little attention (if at all) to the electoral factor and its relation to determining policy in the field of policy formation and international relations. The primary sources include government statements, responses, policy implementation, official data, and state plans of both American and British government institutions, as well as public opinion polls of research institutes. 206) in addition to the existing theoretical literature and research by other scholars, this article is based on analysis of primary sources relating to the five variables and their connection to the strength of the electoral factor of the Muslim minority in each country. To confirm the argument presented here, the article used the Process tracing method, which traces the relationship between the factor and the result (George and Bennett, 2005, p. After presenting the findings, the article will discuss alternative explanations for the difference between policy implementation in the two countries and the characteristics of the Muslim community in each. This will be followed by a discussion of how each factor is expressed in the two countries and how the electoral variable can be significant in determining future policies relating to Muslim citizens. This article addresses both prominent concepts and theories in the field of policy and in international relations, as well as the feasibility of the five factors influencing policy implementation. That is, the political and electoral variables of this minority community affect policy formulation in the two countries.

The research assumption is that the political and electoral strength of the Muslim minority is immeasurably more significant in Britain than in the US. These factors are the influence of colonialism, the demography of the Muslim minority, the identity of the citizen as “Muslim,” integration policies, and the influence of the Muslim lobby. This article employs a comparative case study, covering the years 2000–2020, to examine five factors that link US and British policy to the political and electoral component, which is reflected in either the strength or weakness of the Muslim minority in each country. The claim here is that because of its weak political power, the American Muslim community is insignificant to the US administration. Comparatively, the US pursues a policy that does not recognize the uniqueness of the Muslim minority nor allows it to stand out. Footnote 3 Therefore, examining the electoral power of the Muslim minority in these two countries could also be significant in the international arena.īritain promotes a policy that empowers its Muslim community and gives significant political control. Footnote 2 Together they represent a considerable part of world trade and are influential in affecting policies and culture around the world. They also have a shared history, religion, and language and a similar legal system.

They have a close military alliance and partnership with NATO. The two countries have had a special relationship for many years. This article analyzes the political influence of the Muslim community in both the United States and Britain on selected policies and the manner in which these countries address this minority. The difference between the ways of relating to the Muslim minority citizens through government policy is at the core of this article. We want to ensure that we are not admitting into our country the very threats our soldiers are fighting overseas” (Shear and Cooper, 2017). The president also suspended the program for accepting refugees into the United States for 120 days, saying, “We don’t want them here. In the same year, American President Donald Trump signed a presidential order prohibiting the entry into the US of about 134 million people from Muslim-majority countries, for a period of 90 days. The letter was signed by Muslim leaders in the area: “The Labor Party and Jeremy Corbyn are the only possibility that we have in these are the in these election… Corbyn opposed the wars in the Middle East, worked on behalf of the Palestinians, and even promised to immediately recognize Palestine if elected” (Kotz, 2017). On Footnote 1 the eve of London’s mayoral elections (2017), the Labor Party sent a letter to its Muslim supporters in West Midlands County, a region with the sixth largest population in the United Kingdom.

Total war three kingdoms northern army